Chapter 7 eliminates most unsecured debts including credit cards, medical bills, personal loans, deficiency balances from repossessed cars, and old utility bills. You cannot discharge recent taxes, student loans, child support, alimony, or debts from fraud. Secured debts like mortgages and car loans survive bankruptcy, but you can surrender the property and eliminate any remaining balance owed. The key is understanding which debts disappear completely versus which ones you’ll still need to handle after your discharge.